ÑÔÇéÕ¾-ÑÔÇéС˵վ
С˵վÊ×Ò³
×î½ü¸üÐÂ
µã»÷ÅÅÐаñ
ÍƼöÅÅÐаñ
ÊÕ²ØÅÅÐаñ
×ÖÊýÅÅÐаñ
È«±¾Ð¡Ëµ
[
]
×ܲôóÈË£¬100·Ö³è£¡
[
¹Å´úÑÔÇé
]
Ç×±øÊÇÅ®ÍÞ£º¹Õ¸ö½«¾ü×ö·ò¾ý
[
]
ͨÁéÉÙÅ®£ºÑýÄõÀϹ«ÉÏÎÒÉí
[
]
¿ì´©£ºÅÚ»ÒÅ®ÅäÄæÏ®
[
¶¼ÊÐÑÔÇé
]
1ºÅ¾ü³è£ºÊ׳¤£¬ºÃÉúÃÍ£¡
[
¶¼ÊÐÑÔÇé
]
ÖØÉú°ËÁãÄ꣺±øÍõµÄÒìÄÜϱ¸¾
[
]
ÃÈϵСÌðÆÞ£ºµÛÉÙ£¬ÍæÐÄÌø
[
¶¼ÊÐÑÔÇé
]
ÖØÉú¿Õ¼ä£ºÊ׳¤µÄ¾üҽϱ¸¾
Áé½£×ð
ÑÔÇéС˵վÊ×Ò³
>
ÆäËûÀà±ð
>
Áé½£×ð
>
Ŀ¼
Õ½ÚĿ¼ µÚ1787Õ ÑýÌÙ(µÚ1Ò³/¹²2Ò³)
ÎÄ /
ØýÃû
ÑÔ|Çé|С|˵|°É
Ô¶Ô¶µÄ¿´×ÅÄǿ󬼶¹ÅÊ÷
Ñà¹éÀ´Ä¿¹â΢Äý
²»³öÒâÍâµÄ»°
ÕâÓ¦¸Ã¾ÍÊÇͨÍù¶þ²ãµÄÈë¿ÚÁË°É
˼Ë÷Ö®¼ä
Ñà¹éÀ´ËٶȲ»¼õ
һ·µÖ´ïÁ˹ÅÊ÷֮ǰ
¸Õ´òËãÖ±½ÓÌøÉϹÅÊ÷
³¯¶þ²ã¸Ïȥʱ
È´Ã͵ÄÍ£ÏÂÁ˽Ų½
Ô¶Ô¶¿´È¥
Ädz¬¼¶¹ÅÊ÷Ö®ÉÏ
ÃÜÃÜÂéÂéµÄ²øÈÆ×ÅÊýǧ¸ùÇàÌÙ
ºÜÏÔÈ»
ÕâÊýǧ¸ùÇàÌÙÖ®ÖÐ
¿Ï¶¨ÓÐÒ»²¿·ÖÊÇÕæÕýµÄÇàÌÙ
²»¹ý¾ø´ó¶àÊý
¿Ï¶¨ÊÇÄÇÇàÉ«µÄÌÙÑý
¶ø²»ÊÇÕæÕýµÄÇàÌÙ
ËäÈ»ÉíΪÎä»Ê¾³½çµÄ¸ßÊÖ
¿ÉÈô¾ÍÕâôóȻµÄ³å¹ýÈ¥µÄ»°
Ò»¸ö²»Ð¡ÐÄ
ÅÂÊÇÒ²»áÀDZ·Íò·Ö
ËäÈ»²»¿ÉÄܱ»À§×¡
µ«ÊÇÀË·Ñʱ¼ä
È´ÊÇÔÚËùÄÑÃâµÄ
Ñà¹éÀ´ÐÄÄîÒ»¶¯Ö®¼ä
ÆßÐǹŽ£ºôÐ¥¶ø³ö
¼Ð´ø×ųãÁҵĽðÉ«»ðÑæ
³¯×ÅÄÇÃÜÃÜÂéÂéµÄÇàÌÙ
±¬Õ¶¶øÈ¥
ÆßÐǹŽ£¸ÕÒ»¿¿½ü
ÃÜÃÜÂéÂéµÄÇàÉ«ÌÙÑý
±ãºôÐ¥×Å´ÚÀëÁ˹ÅÊ÷
³¯×ÅËÄÃæ°Ë·½ÀDZ·µÄÌӴܶøÈ¥
ºÜÏÔÈ»
ÕâЩÌÙÑýËäÈ»ÁéÖDz¢²»¸ß
µ«ÊÇÃæ¶ÔÌ«ÑôÕæ»ðµÄÍþв
È´»¹ÊDZ¾Äܵĸоõµ½ÁË¿Ö¾å
ËùÒÔµÚһʱ¼äÈÃÁ˳öÀ´
¿´×ÅÄÇÃÜÃÜÂéÂéµÄÌÙÑý
Ñà¹éÀ´»ëÉí²»ÓɵÃÆðÁËÒ»²ã¼¦Æ¤¸í´ñ
ºÜÏÔÈ»¡¡ÕâЩÌÙÑýµÄÊýÁ¿
ºÍÑà¹éÀ´ÅжϵIJ¶à
×ãÓÐÈýËÄǧÌõ
²»¹ý
ÖªµÀ¹éÖªµÀ
µ±Ç×ÑÛ¿´µ½Èç´Ë¶àµÄÌÙÑýʱ
ÄÇÖÖÃܼ¯µÄ¸Ð¾õ
È´»¹ÊÇ×ãÒÔÈôó¶àÊýÈË
¶¼ÎªÖ®Ã«¹Çã¤È»
¿´×ÅÂþÌì´Ü¶¯×ŵÄÌÙÑý
Ñà¹éÀ´ÐÄÄîÒ»¶¯Ö®¼ä
²¢Ã»ÓмÝÔ¦ÆßÐǹŽ£É±ËÀÕâЩÌÙÑý
ÉíÌåÒ»ÂÓÖ®¼ä
Ñà¹éÀ´ÒÔÆßÐǹŽ
ªÂ·
Ç¿ÐÐÌÚ¿Õ¶øÆð
ÈýÁ½´ÚÖ®¼ä
½Å̤׏ÅÊ÷µÄÖ¦è¾
·ÉÒ»°ãµÄÏûʧÔÚÁ˹ÅÊ÷µÄÊ÷¹ÚÖ®ÖÐ
Ëæ×ÅÑà¹éÀ´µÄÀëÈ¥
Ëæ×ÅÆßÐǹŽ£ºÍÌ«ÑôÕæ»ðµÄÏûʧ
ËùÓеÄÇàÉ«ÌÙÑý
·×·×´ÚÁË»ØÀ´
×ÐϸµÄÔÚÖÜΧåÒѲÁËһϻáºó
·×·×¹Ò»ØÁËÄdz¬¼¶¹ÅÊ÷Ö®ÉÏ
·Â·ðʲô¶¼Ã»Óз¢Éú¹ý
Ô±¾
Ñà¹éÀ´ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ¼ÝÔ¦ÆßÐǹŽ£
½«ËùÓеÄÌÙÑýÏûÃðµÄ
²»¹ýÊÂʵÉÏ
Ñà¹éÀ´È´²¢Ã»ÓÐÕâô×ö
¶øÊÇÑ¡ÔñÁôÏÂÁËÕâЩÌÙÑý
Ñà¹éÀ´ÏëµÄºÜÇå³þ
¼´±ãɱÁËÕâЩÌÙÑý
ҲûÓÐʲôºÃ´¦
¶øÇÒ»¹»áÀ˷Ѳ»¶ÌµÄʱ¼ä
Èç¹ûÁôÏÂÕâЩÌÙÑýµÄ»°
ÕâЩÌÙÑý²»µ«»á°ïËûÀ¹½ØºóÃæµÄÈË
¶øÇÒ»¹»áΪËûÕùÈ¡µ½´óÁ¿µÄʱ¼ä
ÒªÖªµÀ
±¾ÂÖ¿¼ºË
¹Øϵµ½Ã¿¸öÈËÔÚѧ¸®ÄÚµÄÅÅÃû
¶øÏëÒªÅÅÃû¿¿Ç°
²¢²»ÊDzɼ¯µÄÁéÒ©¶à¾ÍÐеÄ
¹Ø¼üµãÔÚÓÚ
Òª±ÈÆäËûÈ˶à
¾ÍËã²É¼¯ÁËÔÙ¶àµÄÁéÒ©
Èç¹û¶Ò»»µÄ»ý·Ö±ÈÆäËûÈËÉٵĻ°
ÄÇÅÅÃûÉϱã±ØÈ»»áÂäºóÆäËûÈË
Òò´Ë¡¡²É¼¯¶àÉÙ²»Êǹؼü
¹Ø¼üÊDzɼ¯µÄ±È±ðÈ˶à
һ·½Å²È׏ÅÊ÷µÄÖ¦è¾
Á¬Ðø×ÝÔ¾Ö®¼ä
ºÜ¿ì¡¡Ñà¹éÀ´±ãµÖ´ïÁËÌ«¹Å¾ÞËþµÄµÚ¶þ²ã
·ÅÑÛ³¯ÖÜΧ¿´È¥
Õâ¹ÅËþµÄµÚ¶þ²ã
ºÍµÚÒ»²ãÍêÈ«²»Í¬
Èç¹û˵
µÚÒ»²ãÊǵͰ«µÄÆÕͨÉÁֵĻ°
ÄÇôÕâµÚ¶þ²ã
±ãÊÇÖеȸ߶ȵĴóÉÁÖ
¸ÕÐгöû¶àÔ¶
Ñà¹éÀ´±ãÔâÓöÁ˵ڶþ²ãµÄÑýÊÞ
×Ðϸ¿´È¥
µÚ¶þ²ãµÄÑýÊÞ
ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ²ÝÂÌÉ«µÄÇàÍÜ
¿ÉÒÔÅçͳöÒ»µÀµÀË®¼ý
¹¥»÷Ê®Ã×ÄÚµÄËùÓÐÄ¿±ê
ÃÍÒ»ÌýÆðÀ´
ÕâË®¼ýÄÜÓÐʲôÍþÁ¦
¿ÉÊÇÊÂʵÉÏ
ÕâË®¼ýËäȻȷʵûÓÐʲôɱÉËÁ¦
µ«ÊÇÅçÉäµÄËÙ¶ÈÈ´·Ç³
ì
¶øÇÒÄÇË®¼ý¿É²»ÊÇÆÕͨµÄË®
¶øÊÇÂÌÉ«µÄ¶¾Òº
ËäÈ»Ñà¹éÀ´²¢Ã»Óб»ÅçÖÐ
¿ÉÊÇËûÇ×ÑÛ¿´µ½
±»¶¾ÒºÅçÖеĹÅÊ÷µÄÊ÷¸ÉÉÏ
ðÆðÒ»¹É¹ÉµÄ°×ÑÌ
¼áÓ²µÄÊ÷Ƥ
Ó²ÊǸø¸¯Ê´µÄһƬ½¹ºÚ
ÕâÒªÊÇÅçÔÚÁËÈËÌåÉÏ
ËäÈ»²¢²»»áÔì³ÉÌ«´óµÄÉ˺¦
µ«ÊÇÒ»µ©ÖÐÁ˶¾
¾Í±ØÐëÔËתÁéÆø
½«¶¾ÆøÅųöÌåÍâ
·ñÔòµÄ»°
Ò»µ©¶¾ËØ»ýÀÛ¹ý¶à
Ò»ÑùÊÇ»áËÀÈ˵Ä
²»¹ý
¶ÔÓÚÑà¹éÀ´À´Ëµ
ÕâËùνµÄË®¼ý
ÊÇûÓÐÈκÎÍþÁ¦¿ÉÑÔµÄ
Ñà¹éÀ´Ö±½ÓÖ§³ÅÆðÁËÒ»µÀÄÜÁ¿»¤¶Ü
±ã×ãÒÔÎÞÊÓÕâЩˮ¼ýÁË
ºÍµÚÒ»²ãÒ»Ñù
һ·ÐÐÀ´
Ñà¹éÀ´Ö»²ÉÕªÖÜΧʮÃ×ÄÚµÄÁéÒ©
ÖÁÓÚÆäËûµÄÁéÒ©
ÔòÒ»¸Å²»Àí
Áô¸øÆäËûÈËÈ¥²ÉÕª
»ý·ÖµÄ¹æÔòÉÏ
ÿƷÁéÒ©µÄ»ý·Ö
¶¼ÊÇÔÚÉÏһƷÁéÒ©µÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ
ÌáÉýÊ®±¶
һƷÁéÒ©
Ö»ÓÐÒ»µã»ý·Ö
¿ÉÊǾÅÆ·ÁéÒ©
È´×ã×ãÓÐÒ»ÒÚµã»ý·Ö
Õâ¾ÍÊDzî¾à
Ò»²ã
Á½²ã
Èý²ã¡¡
Ò»Á¬Áù²ã
Ñà¹éÀ´¶¼ÊÇһ·ºá³åֱײ
һ·±¼³Û¶ø¹ý
ÁéÒ©Ñà¹éÀ´²ÉÕªµÄ²¢²»ÉÙ
±Ï¾¹¡¡ËûËäÈ»ÔÚÈ«ËٸϷ
µ«ÊÇÒòΪËٶȹý¿ì
ËùÒÔÔâÓöµÄÁé²Ý
·´¶ø±ÈÄÇЩרעËÑÑ°µÄѧԱ¸ü¶à
һ·±¼ÐÐÖ®¼ä
Ñà¹éÀ´ÖÕÓÚµÖ´ïÁ˵ÚÁù²ã
µ½´ËΪֹ
Ñà¹éÀ´µÄËÙ¶È
ÖÕÓÚÂýÁËÏÂÀ´
Ì«¹Å¾ÞËþµÄµÚÁù²ã
³öÏÖµÄÑýÊÞÒѾ·Çͬһ°ãÁË
Æä¾³½çºÍʵÁ¦
ÒѾºÍÈËÀàÄù˜„Ç¿Õ߲¶àÁË
Ñà¹éÀ´ÏÖÔÚËäÈ»ÒѾÊÇÎä»ÊÒ»ÖØÌìµÄ¸ßÊÖÁË
¾³½çÒ²·Ç³£µÄÎȶ¨
¿ÉÊDZϾ¹¡¡Ëû»¹Ã»ÓÐÕæÕý½«Îä»Ê¾³½çµÄʵÁ¦ÌáÉýÆðÀ´
Òò´Ë
ËäÈ»²î¾àÓÐ
µ«ÊÇÕæµÄ¶ÔÕ½ÆðÀ´
È´²¢²»ÄÇôÇáËÉ
Ò»¸ö²»Ð¡ÐÄ
ÂäÈëÖØΧµÄ»°
ÊÇÓпÉÄܱ»
https://www.yanqingzhan.net
СÌáʾ£º¿ÉÒÔʹÓüüÅÌ¿ì½Ý·Ò³£¬ÉÏÒ»Õ£¨¡û£© ÏÂÒ»Õ£¨¡ú£©
ÉÏÒ»ÕÂ
|
±¾ÊéĿ¼
|
¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©
|
ÏÂÒ»ÕÂ